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Anaesthesia and pain

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Diamorphine hydrochloride: informing intrathecal risk assessment

29 October 2025Diamorphine products vary in their licensed status and other characteristics which affects their suitability for intrathecal administration

Hydromorphone: informing intrathecal risk assessment

8 July 2025Hydromorphone products vary in their licensed status and other characteristics which affects their suitability for intrathecal administration

Ziconotide: informing intrathecal risk assessment

16 May 2025Ziconotide products vary in their licensed status and other characteristics which affects their suitability for intrathecal administration

Clonidine: informing intrathecal risk assessment

16 May 2025Clonidine products vary in their licensed status and other characteristics which affects their suitability for intrathecal administration

Pain: treatment during pregnancy

3 April 2025A summary of pharmacological options commonly used to treat pain in primary care.

Switching between morphine and other opioids in palliative care

1 April 2025Switching between oral morphine and other oral opioids requires care and thoughtful application of a stepped process.

Using NSAIDS during breastfeeding

2 February 2024Ibuprofen or diclofenac are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) of choice. Recommendations apply to full term and healthy infants.

Use of nefopam for chronic pain

5 January 2024Nefopam is licensed for chronic pain relief. However, evidence to support use is limited and is not included in national guidelines.

Using paracetamol during breastfeeding

21 November 2023Paracetamol is one of the analgesics of choice for treating mild to moderate pain during breastfeeding. Recommendations apply to full term and healthy infants.

Using strong opioid analgesics during breastfeeding

26 May 2023Morphine is the strong opioid analgesic of choice for treating pain in breastfeeding. Recommendations apply to full term and healthy infants only.